Barrier integrity was examined using Tewameter to confirm the poration of human cadaver skin using a microporation device. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Accessibility Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141. Dextran theta temperature between 43.14 and 44.44C for all the range of molecular weights explains the deviation at 45 and 50C [36, 37]. Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). He, L.; Niemeyer, B. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. Analytical Chemistry. Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Ann Surg Oncol. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Guner, Ali (1999). Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS. TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK. This conjecture found to be correct. Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. Keywords: intrinsic viscosity, dextrans, Mark-Houwink parameters, hydrodynamic, temperature, Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry, 2013 1 (1), Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters universalized for the range of working temperatures are the following: 0.4267 for a*, and 0.1455 cm3/g for k*M-H, with 2 of 0.9399. Epub 2012 Oct 18. For Research Use Only. Hennink, W.E. Materiaux 1-5. ACS Nano. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. 2000;3(9):31826. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. Biomaterials. Dextran. Corp. (Seoul, Korea). eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. (2007). The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). Food Funct. Before Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. Bahary, W.S. Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. (2008). Nair SS. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. ; Rani, K.Y. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. 8. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. However, in vitro investigations are very few. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. Chem. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. Nat Biotechnol. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. Dependence on Concentration. Food Sci Biotechnol. ; Prasad, D.H.L. WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. 8600 Rockville Pike Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). De Belder, A. N. (2001). Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. (1954). where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. J. Formul. (1987). Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. ; Patel, T.R. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Charge: Anionic. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative (1937). Harding, Stephen E. (1997). Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. Data File Dextran. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. Ioan, C.E. (2008). The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. Journal Argentine Chemical Society 100 (2013) 25-34. For a values from 0-0.5 a rigid sphere is predicted in a ideal solvent, from 0.5-0.8 a random coil in good solvent, and from 0.8-2 a rigid or rod like shape is expected (stiff chain). Viswanath, D.S. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. Epub 2021 Feb 9. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. Colloid Polym. Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. Privacy Dilute Solution. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. Chem. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. Ind. Cookies policy. Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). (2003). Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free All authors read and approved the final manuscript. By using this website, you agree to our European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753. Epub 2012 May 28. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. Google Scholar. Int J Pharm Investig. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. ; Picout, D.R. The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. All authors have consented to the submission of this manuscript for publication. Critical parameters for gel permeation Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with 1994, 95-0355. Pharm Res. This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. IV. Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, 319-326. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. Disclaimer. 2004;25(9):155967. At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). Keywords: Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. Dextran Fractions. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Front Microbiol. Arch Dermatol Res. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. WebFITC Products. Format), Citation-(EndNote Sintov AC, Krymberk I, Daniel D, Hannan T, Sohn Z, Levin G. Radiofrequency-driven skin microchanneling as a new way for electrically assisted transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. (1991). Article Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Drug Deliv. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). SWC designed and coordinated the research. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. Pore closure examination was performed using an optical microscope (BX43, Olympus, Japan) immediately (time 0), 4, 8, and 24h following device application. J. Braz. Bose, A.; Rollings, J. E.; Caruthers, J. M.; Okos, M. R.; Tsao, T. G. (1982). The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. Similar results are obtained in references [35, 36, 37], using a system of dextran / ethylene glycol, and dextran/dimethylsulfoxide, respectively. There is a deviation from linearity after 580kDa [69, 70]. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. Learn More. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! J Cosmet Laser Ther. MeSH terms Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. Beer, M.U. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Article Springer Nature. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. ; Bos, G.W. Figure5 shows the cumulative amount of the FITC-dextran (M.W. Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. The lack of data on the uniformity of intrinsic viscosity measurements in the system water/dextran, highlights the significant influence of the solvent and temperature [74]. It is a measure of the width of molecular weight distributions (MWD) as well as probability of molecular weight distribution curve (GPC). Macromolecules. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. Exp Cell Res. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. Ed., 9(2), 85-90. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa.